கூட்டு மீன்வளர்ப்பு தொழில் நுட்பம்

kPd;tsh;g;Gf; Fsj;jpd; Moj;ijg; nghWj;J> mjid Nky;kl;lk;> eL kl;lk; kw;Wk; mbkl;lk; vd> Kg;ngUk; gphpTfshfg; gphpf;fyhk;. ,k;%d;W gFjpfspYk;> Ntfkhf tsUk; nfz;il kPd;fSf;F Ntz;ba czTfSk;> gpw NjitfSk; epiwe;Js;sd. mtw;iw KOtJkhfg; gad;gLj;jpdhy;> ngUksT kPd; cw;gj;jpiag; ngwyhk;. ,jw;Nfw;witahf mike;Js;sit fl;yh> NuhF> kph;fhy;> nts;spf;nfz;il> Gy;nfz;il kw;Wk; rhjhf;nfz;il Mfpa nfz;ilkPd; ,dq;fshFk;.

Ntfkhf tsUk; MWtiff; nfz;il kPd;fSs;> ePhpd; Nky;kl;lj;jpy; tho;git> fl;yhTk;> nts;spf; nfz;ilAkhFk;. ,t;tpU nfz;ilfSs; fl;yhf;nfz;il> Nky;gl;l ePhpYs;s tpyq;fpd Ez;Zaph; kpjitfis cz;L tsh;git. ,g;gFjpapy; kPjKs;s ,aw;if czT> jhtu Ez;Zaph; kpjitfs; MFk;. ,tw;iw> nts;spf; nfz;ilfs; cz;L tsh;fpd;wd. ePhpd; Nky;kl;lj;jpy; ,aw;ifahf cs;s czTg; nghUl;fs; midj;Jk;> ,t;tpU rpwg;ghd kPdpdq;fshy;> ePhpypUe;J rypf;fg;gl;L cz;zg;gLfpd;wd. ,jw;fLj;j gFjpahf cs;sJ> ePhpd; eL kl;lkhFk;. ,jpYk;> Nky;kl;lj;jpy; cs;sJ Nghd;Nw Ez;Zaph;j; jhtu kpjitfSk;> Ez;Zaph; tpyq;fpd kpjitfSk; cs;sd. ,j;jifa ,uz;L tif cztpdq;fisAk; cz;zf; $ba xNu kPdpdk;> NuhFf; nfz;ilahFk;. ,f;nfz;il> Fsj;jpd; eLkl;lj;jpYs;s ,aw;if czTfis cz;L> Ntfkhf tsh;fpd;wJ. mLj;Js;sJ> Fsj;jpd; mbkl;lkhFk;. ,q;F> jhtu kw;Wk; tpyq;fpdq;fspd; mOfpa nghUl;fSk;> GOg;g+r;rpfSk; cs;sd. ,tw;iw> mbkl;lj;jpy; thOk; jd;ikAs;s> kph;fhy; nfz;ilAk;> rhjhf;nfz;ilAk; cz;L tsh;fpd;wd. ,j;jifa %d;W epiyfspYk;> Fsj;jpd; fiuNahug; gFjpAk; ePh;j;jhtuq;fs; fhzg;gLk;. ,it msTf;fjpfkhdhy; Mgj;J. mJTk; ,uT Neuj;jpy; ,j;jifa ePh;j;jhtuq;fs;> kPd;fSf;Fj; Njitahd caph;tspiaj; jhq;fSk; Nghl;bapl;L Rthrpg;gjw;F vLj;Jf; nfhs;tjdhy;> ,j;jifa ePh;j;jhtuq;fspd; mjpfhpg;ghy;> caph;tspg; gw;whf;Fiw Vw;gl;L> kPd;fs; kba NehpLk;. NkYk;> mt;tg;NghJ elj;jg;gLk; kPd;gpbg;Gf;F> ,it ,ila+whf mikAk;. ,j;jifa ,ila+Wfisj; jtph;f;Fk; kPdpdkhf> ,tw;iwnay;yhk; cz;L tsuty;y Gy;nfz;il jpfo;fpd;wJ. ,k;kPd;> Fsf;fiu Xuq;fspYk;> ePiu xl;b tsUk; Gy;ypdq;fisAk;> ePh;j;jhtuq;fisAk; cz;Zk;. ,t;thW> Nkw;$wpa MWtiff; nfz;il kPd;fSk;> Fsj;jpd; ntt;NtW kl;lq;fspYk; gutp> cztpw;Fk;> ciwtplj;jpw;Fk; kw;w kPd;fspilNa epyTk; Nghl;biaj; jtph;j;J> ntt;NtW tifahd ,aw;if czit cz;L cw;gj;jpiag; ngUf;Ffpd;wd. ,e;j mbg;gilapy; jhd;> $l;L kPd;tsh;g;G> kw;wkPd; tsh;g;G Kiwfistplr; rpwg;Gs;sjhf tpsq;FfpwJ.

kPd;tsh;g;Gf; Fsj;ijj; jahh; nra;jy;

Fsq;fspy; gytifAz;L. rpy Fsq;fspy; Mz;L KOtJk; ePh; ,Uf;Fk;. NtW rpytw;wpy;> 5-6 khjq;fspy; ePh; tw;wptpLtjhy;> gpd;dh; Fsk; fha;e;J twz;L tpLk;. ,t;thW> Fsj;jpy; ePh; epw;Fk; fhyj;ijg; nghUj;J> Fsq;fspy; NtWghL cs;sJ. nghJthf> ePh;g;ghrdf; Fsq;fs; mstpy; rw;Wg; nghpait. mf;Fsq;fspy; fisfSk;> NfhiufSk;> fis kPd;fSk;> gif kPd;fSk; epiwe;jpUf;Fk;. ,itAk; Mz;L KOtJk; ePh; epw;Fk; ePh;epiyfshfNth my;yJ rpy khjq;fs; fha;e;JNkh ,Uf;ff;$Lk;. kPd; tsh;g;Gf;nfd;Nw Njhz;lg;gl;l Fsq;fSk; cz;L. ,it> nghJthf 0.5 Kjy; 1.0 vf;lh; gug;Gs;sjhf ,Uf;Fk;. ,j;jifa Fsq;fspy;> kPd; FQ;Rfis tsh;tjw;F tpLk; Kd;dh;> mtw;iwf; fPo;fz;lthW jahh; nra;a Ntz;Lk;.
1. fisfis ePf;Fjy;
2. fis kPd;fisAk; gif kPd;fisAk; mopj;jy;
3. tz;liy mfw;Wjy;
4. fiufisg; NgZjy;
5. ePh;tUk; kw;Wk; ntspNaWk; kilfisg; NgZjy;
6. Fsj;ijf; fhatpLjy;
7. fhu mkpyj; jd;ikiar; rhpnra;jy;
8. cukply; kw;Wk;
9. Ez;Zaph; kpjitfis cw;gj;jp nra;jy; MfpaitahFk;.

Nkw;$wpa gzpfis Kbj;j gpd;dNu> kPd;FQ;Rfis tpl;L tsh;f;Fk;gb FskhdJ> jahuhfTk; juKlDk; ,Uf;Fk;.

fisfis ePf;Fjy;

fisfs; midj;Jf; Fsq;fspYk; ,Ug;gjpy;iy. nghJthf> Mz;L KOtJk; ePUs;s Fsq;fspy; ,it ,Ug;gJz;L. ,j;jifa Fsq;fspYs;s fisfs;> NtW}d;wp tsh;gitahfNth> ePhpd;Nky;kl;lj;jpy; kpjg;gitahfNth my;yJ ePhpy; mkpo;e;J ,Ug;gitahfNth ,Uf;fyhk;. ,tw;Ws;> vit Fsj;jpy; ,Ue;jhYk;> Ez;Zaph; kpjitfspd; tsh;r;rpf;fhf ,lg;gLk; cuj;jpd; rj;ij vLj;Jf; nfhs;Sk;. kPd;fspd; elkhl;lj;jpw;F ,ila+whf mikAk;. NkYk;> ePhpUs;s caph;tspia ,uT Neuq;fspy; Fiwj;J tpLtjhy;> ,tw;iw Kw;Wk; mg;Gwg;gLj;jptpl Ntz;Lk;. Mz;L KOtJk;> ePH epw;Fk; ePH epiyfspy; ,g;gzpia Nkw;nfhs;tJ rw;W rpukkhapUf;fyhk;. vdpDk;> rhpahd fhyk; ghHj;J ,jid Kbj;J tpl Ntz;Lk;. Mz;Lf;F xd;wpuz;L khjq;fshtJ Fsq;fs; fha;e;jpUg;gJ ed;W. fisfisf; fisaTk; epyk; eyk;ngwTk; ,J kpfTk; cjTk;.

fis kPd;fisAk; gif kPd;fisAk; ePf;Fjy;

Mz;L KOtJk; ePh; epw;Fk; Fsq;fspy;jhd; fis kPd;fshYk;> gif kpd;fshYk; gpur;rid. mj;jifa Fsq;fspy;> ,g;gzpapid ed;F Nkw;nfhz;L Kbj;Jtpl Ntz;Lk;. vd;ndd;d kPd;fs; tsHf;fg;gLk; caphpdq;fSf;F ,ila+whf mikfpd;wdNth> mit vy;yhk; fisfs;jhd;. rpwpa ehl;L kPd;fs; kw;Wk; jpNyg;gpah Nghd;wit vy;yhk; fiskPd;fs; jhd;. fis epiwe;j taypy;> gapH tpisr;ry; rpwf;fhjJ Nghy;> fis kPd;fs; cs;s Fsq;fspy;> tsHg;G kPd;fspd; cw;gj;jpAk; ek; vjph;ghh;g;Gg;gb ,Uf;fhJ. tsh;g;G kPd;fSf;F ,Lk; czit fiskPd;fs; cz;L tpLk;. caph;tspiaAk; vLj;Jf; nfhs;tJ Kjy;> ,lneUf;fb Vw;gLj;JtJ tiu> fiskPd;fshy; Vw;gLtJ ,ila+W kl;LNk. fiskPd;fistplf; nfhbait> gif kPd;fshFk;. fis kPd;fshy; tsutplg;gl;l kPd;fSf;F czT kw;Wk; caph;tspg; gw;whf;Fiwjhd; Vw;gLk;. Mdhy; gif kPd;fs;> tsutplg;gl;l kPd;fSf;Fj; jug;gLk; czitf;$l cz;zhky;> tsutplg;gl;l kPd;fisNa cz;git. nfOj;jp> tpuhy; Nghd;wit gifkPd;fshFk;. ,tw;iw Kw;wpYk; mfw;w Ntz;Lk;. jPtpukhfj; jpwikAld; tiyNghLk; msTf;Fr; rpwpa Fskhapd;> kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; tiyNghl;L> rypj;J fis kw;Wk; gif kPd;fis KOtJkhf mfw;wpl KbAk;. Mdhy;> nghpa Fsq;fspy; mt;thW ,ayhJ. ,j;jifa #o;epiyfspy; ,Yg;igg;gpz;zhf;ifg; nghb nra;J> Fsj;jpd; ePh;g;gug;G KOtJk; gutyhfj; J}t Ntz;Lk;. ,jdhy;> Fsj;J ePhpy; xUtif er;R guTk;. ,e;j er;R> ePz;l ehl;fSf;F epiyf;fhJ. ,j;jifa er;Rj;jd;ikapdhy;> ekf;F Ntz;lhj fiskPd;fSk;> gifkPd;fSk;. xd;Wtplhky; khz;LtpLk;. ,t;thW> kPd;fis kbar; nra;a> vf;lUf;F 2500 fpNyh ,Yg;igg; gpz;zhf;if (mjhtJ xU rJu kPl;lUf;F 1¼ fpNyh vd;w fzf;fpy;) thq;fpg; nghb nra;J> ePhpy; fiuj;Jf; Fsj;jpy; njspf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,t;thW nra;tjdhy;> rpykzp Neuq;fspy;> Fsj;jpd; fPo; kl;lj;jpy; thOk; kPd;fs; $l kbe;JtpLk;. ,Yg;igg; gpz;zhf;fpd; er;Rj; jd;ikahy; khz;l kPd;fis> vt;tpj mr;rKkpd;wp ahUk; cz;zyhk;. ,jdhy; ve;jtpj ghjpg;Gk; ,y;iy. ,Yg;ig gpz;zhf;fhy; ,d;Dk; xU gaDk; cz;L. ,Yg;igg; gpz;zhf;F> rpwe;j cukhfTk; Fsj;Jf;Fg; gad;gLk;. vdNt> Nkw;$wpa msTg;gb ,Yg;igg; gpz;zhf;F ,lg;gl;l Fsq;fspy; cukpLk;NghJ> Kjd;Kiwahf ,lNtz;ba gRQ;rhzj;ijj; jtph;f;fyhk;. ,Yg;igg; gpz;zhf;F ,lg;gl;l Fsq;fspy;> kPd;FQ;Rfis kPz;Lk; tsutpLk; Kd;dh;> Kd;ndr;rhpf;if eltbf;ifahf> er;Rj;jd;ik kiwe;Jtpl;ljh vd;gij cWjp nra;jpl Ntz;Lk;. nghJthf> 15 ehl;fspy; er;Rj; jd;ik Kw;wpYk; kiwe;J tpLk;.

tz;ly; kz;iz ePf;Fjy;

kPd;tsh;g;Gf; Fsq;fspy; ePh;g; gha;r;Rtjhy; te;J gbAk; tz;ly; kz;> fiu fiue;J NrUk; kzy; my;yJ NrwhYk; Fsk; Nklhfp> mjd; Mok; rw;W FiwAk;. ,jdhy;> ePhpd; nfhs;ssTk; ghjpf;fg;gLk;. Fsj;jbapy; tz;lYk; NrWk; mjpfkpUg;gJ ed;wd;W. vdNt> mtw;iwf; Fsj;jpy; ,Ue;J ePf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,g;gzpia> Mz;LNjhWk; nra;aNtz;bajpy;iy. Njitf;Nfw;g nra;jhy; NghJk;. rpwpa Fsq;fspy;. ,t;Ntiyia vspjpy; Kbf;f ,aYk;. ePhpy;yhj Ntisfspy; ,g;gzpiar; nra;J> ntspf;nfhzug;gLk; tz;lyhYk;. nfl;bahd Nrw;whYk; tug;ig kPz;Lk; nrk;ikg;gLj;jyhk;. fha;fwpg;gaph;fs; mUfpy; tsUkhdhy;> mtw;Wf;Fk; ,tw;iw cukhf ,lyhk;. ,jd; Cl;lr;rj;jhy;> gaph; glh;e;J tsUk;. kf#y; epiwe;jpUf;Fk;.
tz;liy ePf;Fk; Ntiyiar; nra;Ak;NghNj Fsj;jpd; fiuiag; NgZtNjhL> Fsj;jpd; cs; kw;Wk; ntspg;gf;f rha;TfisAk;> ePh;tUk; kw;Wk; ntspNaWk; kilfisAk; rhpnra;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. gpd;dh;> Fsj;jbiaf; fpswptpl;Lr; rpy ehl;fs; Fsj;jpid #hpa xspapy; ed;F fhatpl Ntz;Lk;. ,jdhy;> Fsj;jbapy; tz;liyAk; Nrw;iwAk; ePf;fpa gpd;Dk; VNjDk; Neha;fis cz;lhf;ff;$ba ghf;Bhpahf;fNsh> xl;Lz;zpfNsh my;yJ mtw;wpd; Kl;ilfNsh ,Ue;jhy;> mit mope;JtpLk;. ,j;jifa trjpfs;> Mz;L KOtJk; ePh;epw;Fk; Fsq;fspy; ,aw;ifahf miktjpy;iy. Mdhy;> mj;jifa Fsq;fspYk; mjpfr; nrytpd;wp ePiu tbj;J ntspNaw;w KbAkhdhy;> epiyikfSf;Nfw;g mijr; nra;J epyj;ijf; fhatpl;L> XusNtZk; Mtd nra;a KayNtz;Lk;.

Rz;zhk;gpLjy;

Fsq;fspy; mkpyj;jd;ik nfhz;l kz;zpd; jd;ikia khw;wp mikf;fr; Rz;zhk;G ,Ljy; Ntz;Lk;. ,J kz;zpw;Fr; Rz;zhk;Gr; rj;ijf; nfhLf;Fk; ePh; kw;Wk; kz;zpd; mkpyj; jd;ikiaAk; khw;Wk;; mq;ffg; nghUl;fs; tpiutpy; kf;fp> kz;Zld; fyg;gjw;F cjTk;. kPd;fSf;F Neha; tuhky; jLf;fTk; cjTk;. Rz;zhk;gpLjy;> Fsq;fSf;F ,lg;gLk; cuq;fisj; J}z;btpLk; nrayhw;wp> mtw;wpd; Cl;lr;rj;Jf;fs; caphpdq;fSf;Fr; rpwg;ghd Kiwapy; fpilf;fTk; top nra;fpwJ. Fsj;Jkz;zpd; fhumkpy epiyiag; nghUj;Jf; fPo;f;fz;l msTfspy; Rz;zhk;gpLjy; Ntz;Lk;.

cukpLjy;

Rz;zhk;gpl;l 15 jpdq;fs; fopj;J> kPd;fSf;F chpa ,aw;if cztpdq;fshd Ez;Zaph; kpjitfs; mjpfhpf;ff; Fsq;fSf;F ,aw;if kw;Wk; ,urhad cuq;fis ,lNtz;Lk;.

,aw;if cuq;fs;

,aw;if cuq;fs; gytifg;gl;litahFk;. khL> ML> gd;wp> Nfhop> thj;J Mfpatw;wpd; fopTfs;> gpz;zhf;Fj;J}s;> jio cuk;> fk;Ngh];l;> rhf;filf; fopT ePh; kw;Wk; fhy;eilf; nfhl;liffspy; ,Ue;J ntspahFk; fopTePh; Kjypad ,tw;Ws; mlq;Fk;. ,aw;if cuq;fs; KOikahdit. ,tw;wpy; Kf;fpa Cl;lr;rj;Jf;fshd kzp> jio kw;Wk; rhk;gy; rj;Jf;fs; epiwe;Js;sd. nghJthf Mz;Lf;F 15>000 Kjy; 20>000 fpNyh tiu rhzk; ,Ljy; eyk;. ,e;j mstpy;> Mwpy; xU gq;F rhzj;ij> kPd;FQ;Rfisf; Fsq;fspy; tpLtjw;F 10 ehl;fSf;F Kd;Ng ,lNtz;Lk; (,Yg;igg; gpz;zhf;if vf;lUf;F 2>500 fpNyh vd;w mstpy; gad;glj;jpapUe;jhy;> Kjy; Kiwahd 6-y; xU gq;F rhzk; Nghlj; Njitapy;iy). ,lNtz;ba rhzj;jpidf; fiuj;J> Fsj;jpd; Nkw;gug;gpy; njspf;f Ntz;Lk;. vQ;rpa rhzj;ij xt;nthU khjKk; rk mstpy; gphpj;J mspf;f Ntz;Lk;. kPd;fis ,Ug;Gr; nra;j gpd;dh;> khjhkhjk; rhzj;ijf; fiuj;Jf; njspf;fhky;> mg;gbNa Fsj;jpy; ehd;F %iyfspYk; itj;J tpLjy; Ntz;Lk;. kPd;fis ,Ug;Gr; nra;j gpd;dh; njspj;jhy;> ePhpy; caph;tspf; FiwT Vw;gl;L> kPd;fSf;F ,ila+W NehpLk;.

,urhad cuq;fs;

,urhad cuq;fisj; jior;rj;J> kzpr;rj;J kw;Wk; rhk;gy; rj;J epiwe;jit vd %d;W tiffshfg; gphpf;fyhk;. ,t;tif cuq;fs;> ePhpy; vspjpy; fiuaf; $bait. rhzj;ijtpl tpiue;Jk; nray;glf; $bait.

jior;rj;J (iel;u[d;) cuq;fs;

,r;rj;Jf; nfhz;l cuq;fs; mk;Nkhdpak; ry;Ngl;> fhy;rpak;> mk;Nkhdpak; iel;Nul;> b.V.gp. kw;Wk; a+hpah Mfpait MFk;. nghJthf> fhy;rpak; mk;Nkhdpak; iel;Nul; mkpy kz;zpYk;> a+hpah eLepiy kz;zpYk;. mk;Nkhdpak; ry;Ngl; fhukhd kz;zpYk; ew;gaidf; nfhLf;Fk;.

kzpr;rj;J (gh];gu];) cuq;fs;

nghJthf> Fsq;fspy; kzpr;rj;J kpfTk; FiwthfNt fhzg;gLfpwJ. #g;gh; gh];Ngl;> kzpr;rj;ij epjhdkhf ePz;l ehl;fs; Fsj;jpw;F mspf;fpwJ. kPd; tsh;r;rpapYk;> cw;gj;jpapYk; kzpr;rj;J Kf;fpa gq;F tfpf;fpwJ.

rhk;gy; rj;J (nghl;lh\;) cuq;fs;

kzp kw;Wk; jior;rj;ijg; Nghd;Nw> rhk;gy; rj;Jk; Kf;fpa mq;fkhf tpsq;FfpwJ. rhk;gy;rj;J> midj;J ePh; epiyfspYk; ,aw;ifahfNt cahpa mstpy; fpilf;fpwJ. vdpDk;> kzp> jior;rj;Jld; rhk;gy; rj;ijAk; Nrh;j;J ,l;lhy;jhd;> KOikahd gyid mila KbAk;. %hpNal; Mg; nghl;lh\;> jw;rkak; gof;fj;jpy; cs;sd. nghJthf> kPd;tsh;g;Gf; Fsq;fSf;Ff; fPo;f;fz;l msTfspy; %d;W tif ,urhad cuq;fis ,lyhk;.

mbAukhf 6-y; xU gq;fhd rhzj;ijf; Fsq;fspy; kPd;FQ;Rfis ,Ug;Gr; nra;Ak; Kd;dh; Nghl;lJ Nghy;> 6-y; xU gq;fhd ,urhad cuq;fisAk; mbAukhf ,l Ntz;Lk;. mjd; gpd;dh;> kPjKs;s ,uhrad cuq;fis xt;nthU khjKk; rk msTfspy; mspf;fyhk;. ,aw;if kw;Wk; nraw;if cuq;fis xNu Neuj;jpy; ePhpy; fythky;> Kjypy; ,aw;if cuk; Nghl Ntz;Lk;. gpd;dh; 15 ehl;fs; nrd;w gpd; nraw;if cukpl Ntz;Lk;. ,t;thW xd;wd;gpd; xd;whf> 15 ehl;fs; ,ilntspapy; khw;wp khw;wp cukpLjy; eyk;. ,jdhy;> ,aw;if cuq;fSk;> nraw;if cuq;fSk; khjk; xU Kiw vd cukpLk; epiyik Vw;gLk;. ,urhad cuq;fis rhf;Fg; igfspy; ,uz;L %d;W ,lq;fspy; fl;bj; njhq;ftpl;L> ePhpy; rpwpJ rpwpjhfTk;> rPuhfTk; fiuAk; tz;zk; mspj;jy; ey;y gydspf;Fk;. ,jdhy;> Ez;Zaph;j; jhtu kpjitfSk;> Ez;Zaph; tpyq;fpd kpjitfSk; njhlh;e;J rPuhd Kiwapy; cw;gj;jpahfp> tsh;g;G kPd;fSf;F ,aw;if czthFk;.

,Ug;G mlh;j;jp

xU vf;lh; ePh;gug;gpy;> vj;jid kPd;fis tpl;L tsh;f;fpNwhk;> vd;gJ ,Ug;G mlh;j;jp vdg;gLk;. ,J cukpLjy;> nraw;if cztspj;jy;> Fsj;jpd; Mok;> Nkyhz;id jpwd; Mfpatw;wpd; mbg;gilapy; eph;zapf;fg;gLtjhFk;. mjd;gb elj;jpa Muha;r;rpfspypUe;J> xU vf;lUf;F Rkhh; 6>000 kPd;FQ;Rfis tpl;L tsh;f;fyhk; vd mwpag;gl;Ls;sJ. kpjj;jPtpu Kiwapy; tsh;f;f Kw;gl;lhy;> 10000-30000 tiu ,Ug;glh;j;jpiaf; nfhs;syhk;. ,k;Kiwapy; tsh;f;fg;gltpUf;Fk; kPd;FQ;Rfs;> Vwj;jho 10nr.kP ePsk; tsh;e;jpUj;jy; eyk;. kpfTk; rpW FQ;Rfis ,Ug;Gr; nra;jhy;> mit ,wg;Gf;Fs;shfp> ,og;G Vw;gl;L> ,Wjpapy; mWtil nra;Ak; NghJ fpilf;Fk; kPd;fspd; vz;zpf;ifAk; FiwTgLk;. ,jdhy;> kPd; cw;gj;jp kpfTk; ghjpf;fg;gLk;. vdNt> jFe;j msT (Fiwe;jJ tpuysT ePsk;) tsh;e;j gpd;dNu kPd;FQ;Rfis> kPd; cw;gj;jpf; Fsq;fSs; tpl Ntz;Lk;.

,d tpfpjk;

$l;L kPd; tsh;g;gpy; ,Ug;Gr; nra;ag;gLk; kPdpdq;fspd; tpfpjk; ,d tpfpjk; vdg;gLk;. nghJthf> MWtif kPdpdq;fspd; FQ;RfisAk; Fsq;fspy; tpl;L tsh;f;Fk; NghJ> fPo;f;fz;l vz;zpf;iffspy; xU vf;lh; Fsj;jpy; ,Ug;Gr; nra;ayhk;.

Fsj;jpd; jd;ikiaf; fUj;jpw; nfhz;L> mDgt mbg;gilapy;> Nkw;fz;l tpfpjq;fspy; jFe;j khw;wq;fisr; nra;J nfhs;syhk;. Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l kPdpdq;fspy; gy #d;> #iy> Mf];L khjq;fspy; ,dg;ngUf;fk; nra;fpd;wd. ,k;kPd;FQ;Rfs; tpuysT tiu tsh;tjw;F> nrg;lk;gh;> mf;Nlhgh; khjq;fshFk;. vdNt mf;Nlhgh; my;yJ etk;gh; khjq;fs; kPd;FQ;Rfisf; Fsq;fspy; ,Ug;Gr; nra;a Vw;w jUzkhFk;. NkYk;> ,k;khjq;fspy; ntg;gk; Fiwe;J> jl;gntg;gepiy kpjkhf ,Uf;Fkhjyhy;> FQ;Rfisr; Nrfhpj;J Ntz;ba ,lq;fSf;Ff; nfhz;L nry;y Vw;w #o;epiy epyTk;. kPd;FQ;Rfis Fsph;;e;j my;yJ ntg;gk; jzpe;j fhiy my;yJ khiy Ntisfspy;> Fsq;fspy; ,Ug;Gr; nra;tJ kpfTk; rhyr; rpwe;jJ.

,zq;fitj;jy;

ntg;gepiy> cg;Gj;jd;ik kw;Wk; fhu mkpyj; jd;ikf;F kPd;fs; xj;Jg; Nghfr; nra;Ak; gzp ,zq;fitj;jy; vdg;gLk;. vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf> FQ;Rfisf; nfhz;L te;js;s bd;dpy;> 20 ypl;lh; ePh; cs;snjd itj;Jf; nfhs;Nthk;. mjpy;> 5 ypl;lh; ePiu ntspNa vLj;J tpl;L> ,Ug;Gr; nra;a Ntz;ba Fsj;jpYs;s 5 ypl;lh; ePiu mjpDs; tpl Ntz;Lk;. Rkhh; 5 epkplq;fSf;Fg; gpd;> 10 ypl;lh; epiu vLj;Jtpl;L> 10 ypl;lh; Fsj;J ePiutpl;L> 10 epkplk; itj;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. gpd;dh; 15yp. ePiy vLj;Jtpl;L mNj msT Fsj;J ePiutpl;L NkYk; 10 epkplq;fs; itj;jpUe;jhy; nfhz;Lte;Js;s kPd;FQ;Rfs; ,Ug;Gr; nra;a Ntz;ba Fsj;jpd; ePUld; ngUksT ,zq;fptpLk;.

kPd;FQ;Rfis cw;gj;jpf; Fsj;jpy; tpl;L tsh;j;jy;

kPd;tsh;g;Gf; Fsj;ijj; jahh; nra;J> tsutpl Ntz;ba gytifahd kPd;FQ;RfisAk; thq;fp te;jJk;> mtw;iw cw;gj;jpf; Fsj;jpy; mtw;wpd; msTf;Nfw;g> Fwpg;gpl;l vz;zpf;ifapy;> rhpahd ,dtpfpjq;fspy; tpl;L tsh;f;f Ntz;Lk;. thq;fp te;j kPd;FQ;Rfs;> tpuysT ePsj;ijtpl rpwpajhf ,Ue;jhy;> mtw;iw tpuysT ePsk;tiu tsUk;gb> ehw;wq;fhy; Fsj;jpy; rpy thuk; tpl;L tsh;j;J tpl;L> mjd; gpd;dNu> ,Ug;Gr; nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;. ,t;thW nra;tjdhy;> cw;gj;jpf; Fsj;jpy; tsutplg;gLk; kPd;FQ;Rfspd; gpiog;Gj; jpwd; mjpfkhf ,Uf;Fk;. kPd;FQ;Rfis ntg;gk; Fiwthd Neuj;jpy;> cw;gj;jpf; Fsj;jpy; tpLtJ ey;yJ. MfNt> gazNeuk; FspuhdjhfTk;> kPd;gz;izf;F te;J NrUk; Neuk; FspuhdjhfTk; ,Uf;Fk;gb gazj;ij mikj;jf; nfhs;tJ ed;W. kPd;FQ;Rfis ,Ug;Gr; nra;AKd;dNu> Fsj;jpy; Ez;Zaph; kpjitfs; kPd;fspd; czTf;fhf cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gl;L> mtw;wpd; ,Ug;G mjpfhpg;ghy;> kPd;FQ;RfSf;Fj; Njitahd ,aw;if czT jahh; epiyapy; ,Uf;Fk;.

cztpLjy;

kPd;FQ;Rfs;> Fsj;J ePhpd; jd;ikf;F ,zq;fpaJk;> Fsj;jpYs;s Ez;Zaph; kpjitfis cz;L> mtw;wpd; ,Ug;ig kpfTk; Fiwj;J my;yJ fhyp nra;JtpLkhifahy;> mtw;Wf;F NkYzT Njitg;gLk;. tsutplg;gl;l kPd;fSf;F tof;fkhfj; juf;$ba NkYzthd jtpL kw;Wk; gpz;zhf;Fj;J}s; Mfpait> rkkhff; fye;j fyitahFk;. kPd;fspd; nkhj;j vilapy; 3-5 rjk; jpdKk; NkYzthf nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,f;fyitiar; rpwpJ ePh;tpl;Lg; gpire;J> cUz;ilfshf cUl;b> neUf;fpg; gpd;dpa mfd;w %q;fpy; $ilfspy; itj;J> Fsj;J %iyfspy; itf;f Ntz;Lk;. jPdp nfhLf;Fk; Neuj;ij khw;wf; $lhJ. jpdKk; cztspf;f Ntz;Lk;. czit> fhiy Neuj;jpy;jhd; itf;f Ntz;Lk;. ePh;tpl;Lf; fyf;fhj jtpL gpz;zhf;Fj; J}spd; 3-y; xU gq;if (jpd cztpy;)> ePhpd; Nkw;gug;gpd; Fwpg;gpl;l gFjpapy; ms;spg; Nghlyhk;. ,jdhy; Nky;kl;lj;jpYs;s kPd;fSf;F NkYzT nghpjhff; fpilf;f topnra;fpwJ. khjphp kPd;gpbg;G elj;jp> kPd;fspd; tsh;r;rp> vil Mfpatw;iw mwpe;J> mtw;Wf;Nfw;g kPd;fSf;F ,lNtz;ba cztpd; msit khje;NjhUk; cah;j;j Ntz;Lk;. vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf> xU kPd;FQ;rpd; vil> 10 fpuhk; vdpy;> xU vf;lhpy; tpLk; 5000 kPd;FQ;Rfspd; vil> 50 fpNyh ,Uf;Fk;. ,e;j vilapy; 5 tpOf;fhL NkYzT nfhLg;gjhdhy; 2500 fpuhk; czTf;fyit Njit. vdNt> Kjypy; 1250 fpuhk; gpz;zhf;Fj;J}s; 1250 fpuhk; jtpL Mfpa ,uz;ilAk; fye;J> nkhj;jk; 2500 fpuhk; NkYzitf; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,JNghd;Nw> xt;nthU khjKk; xusT kPd;fisg; gpbj;J> kPd;fSf;F mjpfhpj;Jf; nfhLf;f Ntz;ba cztpd; msit eph;zapj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. ,t;thW> khjhkhjk; kPd;fisg; gpbf;Fk;NghJ> mtw;wpd; tsh;r;rp> MNuhf;fpak; Nghd;wtw;iwAk; ftdpj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. kPd;fspd; tsh;r;rp ,Uf;f Ntz;ba mstpy; ,y;iyahdhYk;> mtw;wpy; VNjDk; eyf;FiwT Vw;gl;bUe;jhYk;> mijg; gw;wp kPd;tsh;g;G ty;Yeh;fsplk; Nfl;L rhpahd ghpfhuk; Njl Ntz;Lk;.

Gy;nfz;ilf;F> Ntyk;ghrp> i`bhpy;yh Nghd;w ePh;r;nrbfisAk;> jPtdg; Gy;tiffshd fpdpah> Neg;gpah;> Fjpiukrhy; Nghd;wtw;iwAk; czthf mspf;fyhk;. jk; viliag; Nghd;W gy klq;F (vl;L klq;F tiu) vilAs;s Gw;fisg;> Gy;nfz;il kPd;fs; jpd;W> tpiuthf tsUk;. Gy;nfz;ilf;F czthf> Nkw;fz;l tifg;Gw;fis mspf;Fk; NghJ> %q;fpy; jl;b xd;iw Fsj;py; kpjf;fr; nra;J> mjd; kPJ Jz;L Jz;lhf ntl;bg; Gw;fisg; Nghl;L itf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,t;thW nra;jhy;> mit ePubapy; mkpo;e;J> mOfp tPzhfhky;> KOtJk; Gy;nfz;ilfSf;Fg; gad;gLk;. Gy;nfz;ilf;F ,t;thW cztpl;l gpd;> rpykzp Neuq;fs; fopj;J> cztpl;l ,lj;jpy; nrd;W ghh;j;jhy;> ,lg;gl;l Gw;fs; ,Uf;fhJ. mt;tsT tpiutpy; mj;jid Gw;fSk; cz;zg;gl;bUf;Fk;.

Fwpg;gpl;l Neuj;jpy; cztspj;jpl Ntz;Lk;. Fwpg;gpl;l ,lq;fspy;jhd; cztspf;f Ntz;Lk;. (cztplg;gLk; ,lk;> njhlh;e;J cztplg;gLtjhy; khRgl;lhy;> cztpLk; ,lj;ij khw;wpf; nfhs;syhk;. mjpy; jtwpy;iy). ehsiltpy; gof;fj;jpd; fhuzkhff; Fwpg;gpl;l ,lk; Njb> Fwpg;gpl;l Neuj;jpy; czTf;fhf kPd;fs; tu tha;g;G cz;L. ,jdhy;> ,Lk; cztpd; ,og;gpd;wp> KOg;gaDk; fpl;Lk;. jz;zPh; jl;Lg;ghLs;s ,lq;fspy;> 5-6 khjq;fs; kl;LNk kPd;tsh;f;f KbAk; vd;w epiy ,Uf;fyhk;. vg;gbahapDk;> epiyikf;Nfw;g kPd;tsh;g;Gf; fhyj;ij mikj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

$l;L kPd; tsh;g;G Kiw %yk;> rhjhuzkhd kPd; tsh;g;G tptrhapfs; vf;lUf;F (,e;j El;gj;ij KOikahfg; gpd;gw;whtpbDk;) 2-3 ld; kPd;fis cw;gj;jp nra;fpd;wdh;. kPd;tsh;g;G ty;Yeh;fs;> kpjj;jPtpu Kiwapy; (rhjhuz czT je;J> ePh;khw;wk; nra;ahky;> caph; tspAk; toq;fhky;) vf;lUf;F Mz;nlhd;Wf;F 10ld; kPd; cw;gj;jp nra;Js;sdh;. jPtpu Kiwapy;> ,Ug;glh;j;jpia mjpfhpj;Jk;> cztpd; juj;ij Nkk;gLj;jpAk;> ePh;khw;wk;> fhw;Wg;GFj;jpia gad;gLj;JtJ Nghd;w ePhpd; guhkhpg;gpYk; jdpf;ftdk; nrYj;jp> kPd; tsh;j;jhy;> Mz;nlhd;Wf;F xU vf;lUf;F 20 ld;Df;Ff; Fiwahky; kPd; cw;gj;jp nra;jplyhk;.

kPd; tsh;g;gpd; Kf;fpakhd Nkyhz;ikf; Fwpg;Gfs;

1. tsh;g;Gf; Fsj;jpy;> xU kPl;lh; Moj;jpw;Ff; Fiwahky;> vg;NghJk; ePh; epw;f Ntz;Lk;.

2. ,aw;if cuk; xU Kiw> nraw;if cuk; kWKiw vd> 15 ehs; ,ilntspapy;> khjk; ,UKiw cukpl Ntz;Lk;.

3. cug;gad;> Ez;Zaph; kpjitfspd; cw;gj;jpapy; njhpfpd;wjh vd;gij nrr;rpj; jl;ilg; gad;gLj;jpAk;> Ez;Zaph; kpjitfisr; Nrfhpj;Jk; mwpe;jply; Ntz;Lk;.

4. rpy Neuq;fspy;> mlh;e;jp ghrp kw;Wk; Ez;Zaph;j; jhtu kpjitfspd; cw;gj;jp> Fsj;jpy; msTkPwpg; Nghfyhk;. ,jdhy;> Fsj;J eph; mlh;gr;ir epwkhf khWk;. ,jidr; rhpnra;a> Kjypy; cztpLtij epWj;j Ntz;Lk;. njhlh;e;J> cukpLtijAk; jw;fhypfkhf epWj;jyhk;.

5. XusT gioa ePiu ntspNaw;wp> GJg;gdiyf; Fsj;jpy; gha;r;ryhk;.

6. ,y;iyNay;> Fsj;jpYs;s ePh;tho; caphpdq;fs; ahTk; ,utpYk; Rthrpg;gjhYk;> ,utpy; xspr;Nrh;f;if eilngwhjjhYk; caph;tspf; FiwT Vw;gl;L> kPd;fs; kba NehpLk;.

7. ePhpd; epwk; gioa epiyf;Fj; jpUk;gpagpd;> tof;fk;Nghy; cztplyhk;; cuKk; Nghlyhk;.

8. ,utpy;> fhw;Wg;GFj;jpfisg; gad;gLj;Jk; trjpfisf;nfhz;l Fsq;fspy;> ,j;jifa vr;rhpf;if eltbf;iffs;> nghJthfj; Njitapy;iy. vdpDk>; cahpa Nkyhz;ik vg;NghJk; rpwe;jJ.

9. ,utpYk; fhw;Wg;GFj;jpfspdhy; caph;tsp Nrh;f;fg;gLk; Fsq;fspy; kPd;fs; vt;tpj mOj;jj;jpw;Fk; cl;glh. mtw;wpd; cw;gj;jp rpwg;ghf ,Uf;Fk;.

10. ePh;r;rf;fuq;fisg; gad;gLj;Jtjhy;> cw;gj;jpj;jpwidf; Fiwe;jJ 30-40 tpOf;fhL cah;j;jyhk;. ,g;gad; #oiyr; rpwg;ghf;Ftjhy; cz;lhtjhFk;.

11. cztpd; juj;ij cah;j;jpr; rpwg;Gf;F topnra;ayhk;. jtpL gpz;zhf;NfhL> kPd; J}isNah my;yJ NrhahgPd; J}isNah xU gq;fhfr; Nrh;j;Jf; nfhz;lhy;> cw;gj;jpj; jpwd; caUk;.

12. khjhe;jpu Nrhjid kPd; gpbg;gpd;NghJ> kPd;fis mjpfkhff; ifahshky;> mtw;wpd; viliaf; fz;lwpa Ntz;Lk;.

13. kPd;fspd; vilia mwpe;jgpd;dh;> mtw;iwf; Fsj;jpy; tpLtjw;F Kd;dh;> jtwhky; mtw;Wf;Fg; nghl;lhrpak; ngh;khq;fNdl; Fspay; rpfpr;ir mspf;f Ntz;Lk;.